This chapter is full of interesting major and minor events falling into what we call the "Gilded Age".
One of the most important events is a court case, settled in the 1890s, called Plessy v. Ferguson. I do not want to give too much away, so let me just say the decision in this case negatively affected African Americans for the next 70+ years.
For this week's blog, do your own research on Plessy v. Ferguson. In the comment section, answer the following...
1) What is the "basic story" of the case?
2) The phrase "separate but equal" comes from this case. What does this phrase mean? How did it affect African Americans?
1. In 1896 the US Supreme Court continues the object of serration through the “separate but equal” state of mind. This came from an event in 1992 when an African American passenger in Louisiana, Homer Plessy, refused to go sit in the Jim Crow car, braking the law. The Court denied his claim of his legal rights were filled and that he was denied the 13th and 14th Amendments. His argument was nearly ignored until Brown v Board of Education of Topeka in 1954. At the case later on it was a different situation but same concept. (96)
ReplyDelete2. The phrase “Separate but Equal” means that they are in different groups and amount that group they are equal in that group. They are only equal among that group outside of their circle or race and family they are unequal to others in different groups. Black people had their own group politically. Within their group they were equal among each other. Outside of their political group they were treated as less than. The phrase “Separate but Equal” is a reference toward segregation and how big it is in the community that they live in. There were three main groups the rich, the white middle class and the less than people such as blacks and other immigrants from many other countries across the world. (125)
1.) This 1896 U.S. Supreme Court case upheld the constitutionality of segregation under the “separate but equal” doctrine. It stemmed from an 1892 incident in which African-American train passenger Homer Plessy refused to sit in a Jim Crow car, breaking a Louisiana law. Rejecting Plessy’s argument that his constitutional rights were violated, the Court ruled that a state law that “implies merely a legal distinction” between whites and blacks did not conflict with the 13th and14th Amendments. Restrictive legislation based on race continued following the Plessy decision, its reasoning not overturned until Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka in 1954. The case came from Louisiana, which in 1890 adopted a law providing for “equal but separate accommodations for the white and colored races” on its railroads. In 1892, passenger Homer Plessy refused to sit in a Jim Crow car. He was brought before Judge John H. Ferguson of the Criminal Court for New Orleans, who upheld the state law. The law was challenged in the Supreme Court on grounds that it conflicted with the 13th and 14th Amendments. By a 7-1 vote, the Court said that a state law that “implies merely a legal distinction” between the two races did not conflict with the 13th Amendment forbidding involuntary servitude, nor did it tend to reestablish such a condition. (Word count:218)
ReplyDelete2.) In this story “separate but equal” comes into place. This means they are different groups(race). In those groups, they are all equal. So pretty much all are separate but as people they are equal.
1. In 1892 Homer Plessy refused to sit in a Jim Crow car, a railroad car meant for only black people to sit in, which was not breaking Louisiana’s law. The man’s constitutional rights were violated, but the court did not care. The law is legal distinction, aka blacks cannot sit near white people, but they were not violating the 13th and 14th amendments so they had the “right” of segeragatio. Plessy got overturned until Brown vs. Board of education Topeka 1954. The case provided for “equal but Seperate accommodations for the white and colored races.” By 7-1 vote the court said that they were not breaking the 13th or 14th amendments. Kentuckian and a former slave owner Justice John Marshall Harlan, denied that a legislature could not have a problem with what’s going on. He said that the constitution was “color blind.” But Plessy’s reasoning was overturned until 1954 which was 62 years later. (173)
ReplyDelete2. Seperate but equal is racial segregation but it ensures equal opportunities for all races. So it comes from the point of whoever said to Plessy that he couldn’t ride on the real cars, but the the Jim Crow car. Plessy was not hurt physically , but he was definitely hurt mentally. It did later on hurt mentally and physically the fellow black Americans
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ReplyDeleteIn 1896, a Louisiana Court placed a law following Jim Crow law. The law stated that blacks could only ride in black railway cars, and whites could only be in White railway cars. People would be punished if they rode in the opposite race's railway cars. The only exception of the law was that nurses for babies could go into the opposite race railway car. Homer plenty was the plaintiff for the case and he was 7/8 white and 1/8 black. He goes into a white car and gets arrested for riding in a white car. His appearance was white. He went to court and they said that the incident violated the 13th and 14th amendments. The seperate but equal basically means that the people are segregated but they have equal opportunity. I think that it is not true. I don't think that the people should be racially segregated but we should be treated as equals. Other things should decide how we are treated. But sadly, race has to play a factor of how people are treated.
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ReplyDeleteDespite slavery being abolished black people were still not given equal rights. Homer Plessy was part white and part black but by law he was considered black according to the law. He wanted to challenge the law by sitting in a railroad car that was for whites only. He was arrested after refusing to move. He took this to court because making him sit in a different a different car was discriminating his constitutional rights.They ruled against him saying they were equal by law but not in society. This allowed segregation to be able to become law in states. Then the Jim Crow Laws became popular in many states which made it legal to discriminate against African Americans. John Marshal said that all races should be in respects to civil rights. The constitution is colorblind and does not recognize on race any more superior or dominant than the other.The phrase “ Separate but equal” means that the 13 and 14th amendment forced equality as far as law goes. However just because they are equal by law does not mean you can force equality in society. Plessy v. Ferguson made segregation and discrimination against legal, most commonly known by the Jim Crow Laws. Words:205
In this case named Plessy v. Ferguson a man name Homer Plessy refused to sit in a dedicated train car for his race. Homer was an African American man who refused to sit in a "Jim Crow" train car. His action broke Louisiana Law. Homer Pressy was brought before John H. Ferguson. This case adopted a equal but separate accommodations for the white and colored races. The judge upheld the state law. The law was tried in supreme court on the matters that it went against the 13th and 14th amendment. By a 7 to 1 vote the court declared that the state law did not go against the 13th amendment. (111)
ReplyDeleteThe phrase separate but equal is introduced a few times in the Plessy vs. Ferguson case. This phrase means that everyone is divided into a race, but in these races they are equal. In the Louisiana state law in this case the African Americans an the whites are separated by law. The blacks are suppose to be in a different train car than the whites, but within that train car the blacks are equal and within the white train cars the whites are equal. This is an example of the separate but equal phrase.
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The story about the plessy vs Ferguson is because mr. plessy was on a train and he was a black and a white man came and told him to get up and he didn’t get up for him and a police man came and got him out and put him in prison. He wanted to sue the state of Louisiana and he lost and he appealed 2 times and lost and finally it went to the supreme. When went to the Supreme Court he won because the 13 and 14 amendment and he won with that he got the word separate but equal. It helped the blacks get they’re equal (110)
ReplyDeleteSeparate but equal to me means like gays today they are separated because a lot of people don’t like seeing man with a man but they are equal as they a human and they have they’re right. And how this changed the African Americans today is they can drive they’re own cars makes the same amount of money or even more same education as with the brown vs board of education let blacks get the same education as whites sit in the same room and learn the same as whites. And 1964-1965 laced out segregation. (95)
1.) Homer Plessy was 1/8 black and 7/8 white and refused to sit in a Jim Crow car. This was against one of Louisiana’s laws. The law banned whites from sitting in black cars and blacks in white cars and punished passengers or employees for breaking those rules. Plessy filed a petition against the judge in the trial. John Ferguson, at the Louisiana Supreme Court, argued that the segregation law violated the 14th Amendment and the 13th Amendment. The Court rejected Plessy’s argument. It was later overturned by the Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka in 1954. (100)
ReplyDelete2.) The phrase "separate but equal" means that whites and blacks have different facilities, and that both of those separate facilities would be equal in quality. This affected African-Americans greatly because their separate facilities were not even close to being equal in quality. The Court said that this was not discrimination, but it was discriminating African-Americans. (56)
in 1890 Louisiana started the sperate car act. it became a snowball effect for the rest of the U.S. Louisiana required seperate rail cars for blacks and whites. Plessy, who was 1/8th black, was clasified as black and had to ride in the colored car. on june 7 of 1892 plessy bought a ticket for a white only car, boarded it, and was arrested by an undercover detective and taken off the train. he was charged with violating the new law. he was tried and convicted, and took it to state supreme court, where they upheld Fergussons rule. this had a huge impact on black and white segragattion and its future. by 1849 massachusetts had black and white schools. Fergusons ruling was said to not violate the 14th amendment, which it would today. Plessy's defense was trying to get them to recognize blacks as equals to whites, but the court didnt care. Plessy trying to change this law made it living hell for blacks over the next 70-80 years. they were treated as if they were worse than trash, looked down upon, and hated.
ReplyDeletethe phrase "seperate but equal" meant that the segregation was ok cause everyone was equally protected.(201)
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ReplyDeleteThe basic story is that a man name Homer Plessy who was a African-American from 1892 when Jim crow laws were in effect who refuse to ride in Jim Crow car while riding on train which Louisiana law because he view it has violated his rights but the court said that the state law in quote, “implies merely a legal distinction” between whites and blacks which they also said that it did not violated the 13th and 14th amendments. The Restrictive legislation based on race continued following the Plessy decision, its reasoning not overturned until Brown V. Board of Education of Topeka in 1954.
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The phrase separate but equal describes the legal philosophy that underpinned institutional racial segregation in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and is most associated with 2 United States Supreme Court rulings. It is adjective meaning pertaining to racial policy, formerly practiced in some parts of the United States, by which black people could be segregated if granted equal opportunities and facilities, as for education, transportation, or jobs. This affect blacks in lots of ways like black children would have to walk further to school because they can’t go to the same school that the whites go to or they have to go to their own bathroom. words:108
ReplyDelete1. In 1892, an African American train passenger named Homer Plessy, he was seven-eighths white and one-eighth black, and had the appearance of a white man. He sat in the “whites only” section of a Jim Crow car, which was a Louisiana law that he was breaking. The Jim Crow car was a railroad car that was the first official law mandating segregation on trains. The Court ruled that a state law between whites and blacks did not conflict with the 13th and 14th Amendments. He then filed a petition against the judge in that trial, Hon. John H. Ferguson, at the Louisiana Supreme Court, arguing that the segregation law violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, which forbids states from denying "to any person within their jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws," as well as the Thirteenth Amendment, which banned slavery. (Word Count: 147)
ReplyDelete2. The phrase “separate but equal” means they were guaranteed guaranteed "equal protection" under the law to all citizens. Under the doctrine, as long as the facilities provided to each race were equal, state and local governments could require that services, facilities, housing, medical care, education, employment, and transportation be segregated by race. The decision emboldened segregation states during the Jim Crow era, which had commenced in 1876 and supplanted the Black Codes, which restricted the civil rights and liberties of African Americans during the Reconstruction Era, and 18 states had segregation laws. (word count: 92)
Plessy vs Ferguson greatly affected the lives of African Americans for the next 70 years after the case. The case all started when an African American, Homer Plessy, refused to sit in a Jim Crow car. He was criminally charged, and brought before John H. Ferguson in Louisiana. The case was challenged and sent to the Supreme Court. Many believed the Separate Car Act violated the 13th and 14th Amendments. The Court voted 7-1 that it did not violate the Amendments. The Court said the law “implies merely a legal distinction.” John Marshall Harlan, a Justice and former slave owner, did believe it violated the African Americans’ rights. He said that our Constitution is color blind, but the law allows the blacks to be placed in a position of legal inferiority. The Plessy vs Ferguson case really started the “separate but equal” period in American history.
ReplyDeleteThe phrase “separate but equal” drastically affected the lives of African Americans. It essentially means that although the blacks were constitutionally equal to the whites, they were legally inferior and separated. Under the doctrine of “separate but equal,” as long as a business or educational system or transportation provided “equal” services, they could legally segregate by the races. However, the “equal” services were not equal. Blacks were completely inferior to their “equal” white neighbors during this time. Eventually, the doctrine was overturned. “Separate but equal” would affect the lives of all African Americans and still has left over effects today.
In 1892 it was illegal for a African Americans, in Louisiana, to sit in certain cars on a train. The Plessy v. Ferguson court case happened because an African American refused to sit in the Jim Crow car of a train. His name was Homer Plessy. He thought that his constitutional rights were violated. The court argued that state’s individual laws about whites and blacks had not conflicted with the 13th and 14th amendments of the constitution. The case was held in Louisiana. The judge of the case’s name was John H. Ferguson. There was a 7-1 that decided that the fate for the case was that it was not in conflict with the 13th and 14th amendments. The law about the train car separate was made in 1890. The saying “equal but separate” came from this law. This phrase means that each race, the whites and African Americans, had the same amount of things, but they were separate from one another because of all of the racism and discrimination. It should not even say equal in the saying because there was nothing equal about their circumstances. The African Americans usually got old things and beat up things, while the whites got newer and nicer things; what’s equal about that? This case just fuelled the fires of hate between the two different races and allowed discrimination to continue.
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The Plessy vs Ferguson case was one of the most important cases in the history of all cases. This case had to do with a guy named Homer Plessy refusing to give up a sit in a "Jim Crow car." He was then charged and brought before the judge named Henry Ferguson. This case was about racial segregation and allowing African Americans to have equal civil rights.
ReplyDeleteThe term "Separate but equal" meant that blacks were segregated whether it was going on buses, going to school, or going to a doctor. African Americans were greatly affected by this case and turn around for over 70 years. I wasn't til 1954 that the decision of the Plessy vs ferguson case was overturned because it violated the 14th amendment. That was then that the African Americans got their civil rights.
The 1896 Plessy vs. Ferguson case was extremely important. It was a legal case in which the Supreme Court decided that "separate but equal" facilities satisfied the guarantees of 14th Amendment. Giving legal sanction to "Jim Crow" segregation laws. The namesakes of the Plessy v. Ferguson case were the plaintiff Homer Adolph Plessy and the defendant Judge John H. Ferguson of the Criminal Court for New Orleans. In 1954, the Supreme Court justices in Brown v. the Board of Education reversed the decision made in the Plessy case by making the decision that legally sanctioned racial segregation was inherently unequal and a violation of the 14th Amendment.
ReplyDeleteThe phrase separate but equal describes the legal philosophy in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and is most associated with two U.S. Supreme Court rulings. The first case, Plessy v. Ferguson, in 1896 upheld the legality of the segregation of public facilities, so long as equivalent facilities were provided for each racial group, which in practice was seldom the case. Based on this ruling, state and local governments legally enforced the racial segregation of public spaces, including public schools, in the early 20th century. But in 1954, the Supreme Court unanimously struck down racial segregation in public schools in the second case, Brown v. Board of Education. The Court found that separate facilities were inherently unequal, and ordered school districts to desegregate.
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1) In 1892 Homer Plessy refused to sit in a segregated Jim Crow section. He was taken to court and charged against the law by judge Fergeson. The court ruled against Plessy; a 7-1 vote. The Court ruled that Plessy was not being treated unlawfully because the segregation didnt mean that black people were lesser than whites. This is where the term “seperate but equal” came from. The court decided that the 13th and 14th amendment werent violated by making Plessy sit in a different section that the whites. Because the court ruled this way it changed the way black people were treated for centuries and caused manor segregation.
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2) the term “seperate but equal” meant that black people could be counted as the same and equal as the white people, and also be seperated from them. Which doesn’t make sense at all but the people of that age made it seem like it was okay because they couldnt accept that black people were eqal to them. (57 words)
The Plessy v. Ferguson case took place in Louisiana in 1892. An African American named Homer Plessy, who claimed he was ⅞ white and ⅛ black, refused to sit in a Jim Crow car, which broke the law. He was brought before John. H Ferguson on trial.He filed a petition against him, saying that this violated the 13th and 14th amendment. The court said that the state law did not conflict with the 13th and 14th amendment, by a 7-1 vote.
ReplyDeleteThe phrase “separate but equal” means that everyone was treated the same way and given the same rights constitutionally, but they were separated by race. The African Americans however, were nowhere near being treated equally to everyone else and did not have every right that they were guaranteed to have.(133)
The historic case of Plessy vs, Ferguson in 1896 actually all started 4 years earlier in 1892. It all started when Homer Plessy, an African American refused to sit in a Jim Crow car on a train. In doing this Plessy broke a Louisiana Law. Plessy argued that his Constitutional rights were violated. But Ferguson, court official, upheld the state law. Plessy took this to the Sumpreme Court who one a 7-1 vote said that the 13th and 14th ammendments were not violated. But the court shied away from the phrase in the 14th amendment stating that states aren't allowed to pass laws depriving citizens. The Plessy vs Ferguson had a large affect on the Brown vs Board of education in 1954. (122)
ReplyDeleteThe phrase "Seperate but equal" came up a lot in this case. Many times this phrase was used to describe the treatment given and the unfairness rule of the officials. The phrase means holding racial segregation but disguising it as though every part is being treated equally. Which is an exact explanation of what went on in this time period and in this case especially. Homer Plessy fought against this rule, but Brown fought against it some 50 years later as well. (83)
1) In 1892, a man with the name Homer Plessy had refused to sit in the "Jim Crow" train car. When doing this, he broke a Louisiana Law. After arrested, he said that his rights have been violated. When going to court, he went up against Ferguson, the court official. Ferguson sided with the state and its' laws. After this judgment, Plessy made the decision to take the case to the Supreme Court. In doing this, he lost once again to a 7-1 vote, which declared that they did not think that the 13th and 14th amendments were violated. However, it says in the 14th amendment that none of the states have the ability to pass on laws that denies its' citizens. This ruling effected the next 70+ years of African American lives. (131)
ReplyDelete2) The phrase "separate but equal" came from the Louisiana law that was violated in this case. The phrase refers to how everyone has equal rights and equal facilities available to them, but they are all separated by race. What I mean by this is that they have different facilities for different races, but the state sees that as "separate but equal." This statement is what ended up segregating these races. (70) (201 total)
It all started when an African American named Homer Plessy refused to sit in a Jim Crow car in 1892. This broke the law in Louisiana. The court rejected Plessy’s argument saying that his constitutional rights were violated. The court ruled that “implies merely a legal distinction between whites and blacks did not conflict the 13th and 14th amendments. The restrictions based on race was not overturned until Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka in 1954. The Plessy v. Ferguson cased was lost 7 to one. This is where the “Separate but Equal” phrase comes from. This phrase meant that segregation was not discrimination. The one condition were that blacks had to be offered the same services and opportunities as white people, but they did not need to be integrated. (Hence segregation). Basically it allowed state-sponsored segregation. This is the first example of legal segregation. This act would be the start of a seventy year long legal segregation of black people. This legal doctrine did not violate the 14th amendment, which guaranteed “equal protection under the law to all citizens. Although this would be in effect until Brown v. Board of Education, it wouldn’t be until decades later when things were fully integrated.(204)
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ReplyDeleteThe court case of the Plessy against Ferguson was a case that fought with the racial disagreement. It all started with Homer Plessy who did not sit in a Jim Crow. Jim Crow is slag word for African American. Plessy went against Louisiana state law. Louisiana had a law named Separate Car Act. This was the first time the states could pass laws with separate white and blacks. Homer Plessy was 1/8 of African-American. This case was went to court to see if it went against the 13th amendment and 14th amendment. The judge did say it did not go against the amendments. John Marshall a former slave really hit the United States really hard. Even it it did get turn until 1954 by Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka case. (132)
The phrase “ Separate but Equal” was really big in before 1954. It means that blacks should get equal things as white but in separate things. This change African Americans life by before the case of Brown v. board of Education congress said that schools and other responsibility for the state not congress. They also said it is unconstitutional until after the court case. This made public school take in African American as students. After the court case was followed by many civil right laws in 1960 that as well change the African American way of life. The phrase “Separate but Equal” really helped change the people look at many African American way of life in public.(117)
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ReplyDeleteThe Plessy vs Ferguson case started in 1892 in which an African-American train passenger Homer Plessy refused to sit in a Jim Crow train car, which broke a Louisiana law. The court denied Plessy’s argument that his constitutional rights were being violated, and the Court ruled that a state law that “implies merely a legal distinction” between white people and black people did not conflict with the 13th and14th Amendments.
ReplyDeleteThe case started in Louisiana. And In 1890 Louisiana adopted a new law providing for “equal but separate accommodations for the white and colored races” on all of their railroads. This phrase “separate or equal” shows us that even though or nation was slowly abolishing racism some people still weren’t comfortable being around black people. So in my opinion it seems like they wanted to please the white people by separating them from the black people. Making sure to throw in the fact that the black peoples accommodations on trains were just as good or “equal to” the whites. (170)
The Plessy v. Ferguson was about segregated train cars in the state of Louisiana where blacks and whites couldn't sit in the same car. It was set up civil rights activists. They had a man by the name of Homer Plessy sit buy a ticket and sit in the white car. Which although this man was only 1/8 black and 7/8 white by law he is still a black man. So he was removed from the car and thrown in jail. This case was heard in state court and lost but they appealed all the up the US Supreme Court. Although they lost they brought the term “separate but equal” to the publics eye. This term is used to describe how blacks where treated because they had “separate but equal” facilities. But often the whites facilities where nicer then the blacks. (141)
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